《2024年5年高考3年模拟高二英语选择性必修第一册人教版》

阅读理解　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　主题语境:人与动物　　　　语篇类型:说明文(2021浙江1月,C)
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees(黑猩猩)use to communicate.They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a “vocabulary” of 66 gestures.The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda,and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.

Dr Catherine Hobaiter,who led the research,said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom.Only humans and chimps,she said,had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.
“That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said. “They're the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.”

Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal's call,the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages.This was a significant difference between calls and gestures,Dr Hobaiter said.

Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate.In one case,a mother presents her foot to her crying baby,signalling: “Climb on me.” The youngster immediately jumps on to its mother's back and they travel off together.

“The big message from this study is that there is another species(物种)out there that is meaningful in its communication,so that's not unique to humans,” said Dr Hobaiter.

Dr Susanne Shultz,an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester,said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language.But,she added,the results were “a little disappointing”.
“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate,or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover,the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with nonverbal communication.So,it seems the gulf remains.”

1.What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?
A.Memorizing specific words.
B.Understanding complex information.
C.Using voices to communicate.
D.Communicating messages on purpose.

2.What did Dr Shultz think of the study?
A.It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B.It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C.It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D.It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.

3.What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?
A.Difference.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.Conflict.
C.Balance.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D.Connection.

4.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B.Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C.Chimpanzees:the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D.Chimpanzee language:communication gestures translated

答案： 1.D　根据第二段最后一句“Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.”可知，人类和黑猩猩都会有意地进行交流。
2.B　根据倒数第二段“Dr Susanne Shultz,... said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But,... the results were ‘a little disappointing’”中的praiseworthy和a little disappointing可知，这次研究有值得称赞之处，但是也有点令人失望，故选B。
3.A　根据画线词上句“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non - verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.”可知，黑猩猩手势传递的信息的意义，并没有超出其他动物通过非言语方式传达的含义。所以和人类的语言交流方式还是存在差异。故画线词gulf在此处意为“差异”。故选A。
4.D　文章讲的是一项关于黑猩猩的姿势的研究。研究发现，黑猩猩会有意地利用姿势来传递信息和交流，研究分析了它们的姿势的意义。故选D。