《2024年5年高考3年模拟高二英语选择性必修第一册人教版》

B
(2024海南期末)
　　　Three scientists who studied how cells sense and adapt to oxygen levels have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.William G.Kaelin Jr of the Dana−Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard University,Sir Peter J.Ratcliffe of Oxford University and the Francis Crick Institute,and Gregg L.Semenza of Johns Hopkins University were jointly awarded the prize.
　　　“The meaningful discoveries by this year's Nobel Prize winners showed life's most adaptive processes,"Randall Johnson,a member of the Nobel Assembly at Sweden's Karolinska Institute,said.“The three physicians found the molecular switch(分子开关)that regulates how our cells adapt when oxygen levels drop."
　　　“Cells and tissues are constantly experiencing changes in oxygen availability,”Johnson said.“As an embryo(胚胎)grows and develops,and as muscles work,the oxygen available changes as the tissues themselves change.Cells need a way to adjust to the amount of oxygen they have,while still doing their important jobs."
　　　The committee said that the discoveries were vital for physiology and could exploit new strategies to fight anemia,cancer and many other diseases.
　　　Kaelin was born in New York and received his doctorate in medicine from Duke University.He received his specialist training in internal medicine and oncology at the Johns Hopkins Hospital,
Baltimore,and at the Dana−Farber Cancer Institute,Boston.
　　　Ratcliffe was born in Lancashire,the United Kingdom,and studied medicine at Gonville and
Caius College at Cambridge University and received his specialist training in nephrology at Oxford.He is the director of clinical research at the Francis Crick Institute in London and a member of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
　　　Semenza was born in New York.He obtained a B.A.in biology from Harvard and his M.D.from the University of Pennsylvania.He received his specialist training in pediatrics at Duke University.He is the director of the Vascular Research Program at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering.
5.What can we know about the three scientists?
　　A.They studied different fields.　　　　　　　B.They shared one prize.
　　C.They researched heart disease.　　　　　　　D.They found the function of embryos.
　6.What did Johnson think of the discoveries?
　　A.Important.　　　　　B.Meaningless.　　　　C.Interesting.　　　　　D.Disappointing.
　7.What do the last three paragraphs mainly talk about?
　　A.The three scientists' achievements.　　　　　B.The influence of the discoveries.
　　C.The example set by the three scientists.　　D.The introduction of the three scientists.

答案： 5. B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“William G. Kaelin Jr...were jointly awarded the prize.”，尤其是重点信息词jointly可知三位科学家共得同一个奖项。故选B。
　易错归因
　　　本题容易错选A项，学生容易受倒数三段中“received his specialist training in internal medicine and oncology at the Johns Hopkins...Boston”“received his specialist training in nephrology at Oxford”和“received his specialist training in pediatrics at Duke University”的影响，认为他们研究的是不同的领域，但是这些信息只是说明他们学习的专业不同，第一段第一句中的“Three scientists who studied how cells sense and adapt to oxygen levels”已经非常直白地告诉我们三位科学家研究的是同一个课题，故A项错误。
6. A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The meaningful discoveries by this year's Nobel Prize winners showed life's most adaptive processes”，尤其是重点信息词meaningful可推断出Johnson认为他们的发现非常重要，故选A。
7. D　主旨大意题。通过分析最后三段，可看到was born in, received/obtained...from..., received his specialist training in...., is the director of.....等重复的信息，这些信息主要介绍三位科学家的出生信息、学术背景和现在的工作，所以这三段主要在介绍三位科学家。故选D。
[高频词汇]　1. adapt to适应　2. meaningful adj.重要的；有意义的　3. regulate v.调节；控制　4. adjust to适应；习惯　5. specialist adj.专业的；专门的 n.专家
长难句
　原句　The three physicians found the molecular switch that regulates how our cells adapt when oxygen levels drop.
分析　该句为主从复合句。The three physicians found the molecular switch为主句，“that regulates...drop”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the molecular switch，且关系词that在定语从句中作主语，在该定语从句中，regulates后面为how引导的宾语从句，when引导的是时间状语从句。
译文　这三位医生发现了分子开关，这个分子开关能够在氧气含量下降时调节我们的细胞的适应性。