《2024年5年高考3年模拟高二英语选择性必修第一册人教版》

A
(2024广东揭阳阶段练习)
　　　　　George Shull was born in1874on a farm in Clark County,Ohio,and his knowledge of plants and hybrids came at an early age.Being needed on the farm,Shull received his early formal education off and on.However,it was added by intense home study so that by1892,he was teaching in a public school,and later attending Antioch College.
　　　　　In1901,he graduated from Antioch and went to the University of Chicago to do graduate work.
　　　With his knowledge of botany and experience with farming practices,Shull passed the civil service exam,and took up a position as a botanical assistant at the U.S.National Herbarium.He also worked at the U.S.Bureau of Plant Industry as a botanical expert examining as well as evaluating the plants and animals of the Chesapeake Bay and the Currituck Sound.The data he collected during this time was to comprise his Ph.D.paper.And in1904he was appointed to be in charge of plant work at the Station for Experimental Evolution.
　　　　　He began working on corn in1905.Following Gregor Mendel's example,Shull obtained purebred (纯种的)lines of corn through self - pollination(自花受粉).The purebred lines were less healthy and productive,but when he crossed the purebred lines,apparently the hybrid yields were better than any of the parents or those pollinated in the open fields.As a consequence,he immediately recognized the potential for using this strategy and device to improve crop yields.
　　　　　In1915,Shull accepted a professorship at Princeton University.With his encouragement,Princeton University Press began the publication of a new journal,Genetics.Shull was the managing editor for ten years.Genetics is still one of the top international science journals.
　　　　　Shull retired in1942.He and his wife spent most of their latter years with their children and grandchildren.
1.What does the underlined part“off and on”in Paragraph1mean?
A.Not surprisingly.　　B.Very formally.　　　C.Very excellently.　　D.Not regularly.　　　
2.What's Paragraph2mainly about?
A.George Shull's contributions.　　　　　　　B.George Shull's research.
C.George Shull's work experience.　　　　　　D.George Shull's education.
3.What was so special about Shull's method of corn breeding?　　　
A.It completely relied on self−pollination.　　　B.It was first published in Genetics.　　　
C.It was widely accepted in Ohio.　　　　　　D.It focused on crossing purebred lines.
　　　4.How does the author mainly develop the text?　　　
A.By giving examples.　　　　　　　　　　　B.By following time order.　　　
C.By making comparisons.　　　　　　　　　D.By presenting a scientific study.

答案：
A
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了著名植物学家George Shull的学习和工作经历以及他的重要成就。
1. D　词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句中的“Being needed on the farm”可知，George Shull小时候需要干农活，所以无法正常接受正规教育。所以off and on 意为“断断续续地，间歇性地”，与D项“不定期地”意思最为接近。故选D。
2. C　主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“do graduate work”“took up a position as a botanical assistant”“He also worked at...”“in 1904 he was appointed to be in charge of plant work”等信息可知，第二段主要是在讲述George Shull的工作经历。故选C。
3. D　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句和第四句“The purebred lines were less healthy and productive...to improve crop yields.”可知，杂交品种能够提高作物产量，所以Shull的玉米育种方法的特殊之处在于专注于杂交纯种品种。故选D。
4. B　推理判断题。
　 根据以上关键信息可知，文章以时间顺序讲述了著名植物学家George Shull的人生经历。故选B。
[高频词汇]　1. graduate from从……毕业　2. appoint v.任命；安排　3. in charge of负责...　4. productive adj.多产的；富有成效的　5. potential n.可能性；潜能
[熟词生义]　1. practice n.惯常做法　2. paper n.论文　3. cross v.使杂交
[差距词汇]　intense adj.强烈的；集中的；紧张的
长难句
　原句　　The purebred lines were less healthy and productive, but when he crossed the purebred lines, apparently the hybrid yields were better than any of the parents or those pollinated in the open fields.
分析　该句是由连词but连接的并列复合句。第二个分句中包含when引导的时间状语从句，pollinated in the open fields为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰those。
译文　纯种品种的健康状况和产量都较差，但当他杂交纯种品种时，杂交品种的产量显然比任何亲本或那些在开阔田野授粉的品种(的产量)都高。
B
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了三位科学家因在细胞对于氧气含量的感应和适应性方面的研究而获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。